Stages of team development
0996-en WI400 Leadership Studies As of 11.07.2026
Bruce Tuckman's phase model describes a group's development in four stages: forming, the cautious getting acquainted; storming, the struggle over roles and influence; norming, the emergence of shared rules; performing, effective collaboration. Adjourning was later added for dissolution. The model makes clear that the conflict phase is necessary and not a sign of failed leadership. It is an ideal type; real teams do not pass through the stages in a linear way.
Deutsch
Teamentwicklungsphasen 0996-de
Das Phasenmodell von Bruce Tuckman beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Gruppe in vier Stufen: Forming, das vorsichtige Kennenlernen; Storming, die Auseinandersetzung um Rollen und Einfluss; Norming, die Herausbildung gemeinsamer Regeln; Performing, die arbeitsfähige Zusammenarbeit. Später kam Adjourning für die Auflösung hinzu. Das Modell macht deutlich, dass die Konfliktphase notwendig und nicht Ausdruck von Führungsversagen ist. Es ist idealtypisch; reale Teams durchlaufen die Phasen nicht linear.
Suggested citation
Stages of team development (0996-en), in: LAWPEDIA®-Glossar, provided by LAWCONSULT AG, www.lawconsult.ch/lawpedia/en/stages-of-team-development, as of: 11.07.2026 [accessed on …].
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